Best Open-Source 1Password Alternatives (2026)
12 self-hostable, open-source projects that replace 1Password — without per-user subscriptions forever. Each is scored for how hard it is to self-host, with one-click deploy options where they exist.
1Password charges a per-user subscription indefinitely, so cost scales with headcount and never converts to ownership. Self-hosting puts your vault and the encryption keys on infrastructure you control, with a one-time setup instead of a recurring per-seat bill.
Our picks at a glance
At difficulty 2/5 it is the lowest-effort option, a single lightweight Rust server that runs from one Docker container.
The official Bitwarden server is the most feature-complete, with full org/team features and first-party client support across every deploy target.
It is the official Bitwarden server and offers official managed hosting, the strongest hosted path for teams.
Compare all 12 alternatives
Tap a column header to sort| Project | Deploy | Managed | License | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Vaultwarden Rust | 65k ★ | 2/5 Easy | Docker Docker Compose +2 | AGPL-3.0 | 4 days ago | Repo | |
 Authelia Go | 28k ★ | 3/5 Moderate | Docker Docker Compose +2 | Apache-2.0 | 2 days ago | Repo | |
| 20k ★ | 3/5 Moderate | Docker Docker Compose +2 | AGPL-3.0 | 2 days ago | Repo | ||
 gopass Go | 7.1k ★ | 2/5 Easy | Manual | MIT | 2 days ago | Repo | |
 Passbolt PHP | 6.1k ★ | 3/5 Moderate | Docker Docker Compose +2 | AGPL-3.0 | 8 days ago | Repo | |
 LessPass JavaScript | 6k ★ | 2/5 Easy | Docker Manual | GPL-3.0 | 3 days ago | Repo | |
 AliasVault Docker | 3k ★ | 3/5 Moderate | Docker Docker Compose +1 | MIT | 3 days ago | Repo | |
 Padloc TypeScript | 2.9k ★ | 4/5 Involved | Docker Docker Compose +1 | AGPL-3.0 | 1 year ago | Repo | |
 Teampass PHP | 1.8k ★ | 4/5 Involved | Docker Docker Compose +1 | GPL-3.0 | 3 days ago | Repo | |
 Passky PHP | 243 ★ | 2/5 Easy | Docker Manual | GPL-3.0 | 8 months ago | Repo | |
 Psono Python | 104 ★ | 3/5 Moderate | Docker Docker Compose +2 | Apache-2.0 | 6 days ago | Repo | |
| 16 ★ | 1/5 Effortless | Manual | GPL-3.0 | 1 year ago | Repo |
What to look for: Decide between a Bitwarden-compatible server (so you keep using the polished official Bitwarden clients and browser extensions) versus a fully independent stack. For team use, check granular sharing, group permissions, and whether the project offers a managed tier if you don't want to own backups and uptime.
The alternatives, reviewed
- #1
VaultwardenSelf-host: EasyLightweight Bitwarden-compatible server written in Rust, perfect for self-hosting
65k Rust AGPL-3.0 4 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- Unofficial reimplementation; not supported or endorsed by Bitwarden, so API changes can break compatibility
- No official mobile/desktop apps of its own; depends entirely on Bitwarden's clients
- Some enterprise/SSO and event-logging features of paid Bitwarden are absent or only partially implemented
- You own all security hardening, backups, and TLS termination yourself
- #2
AutheliaSelf-host: ModerateSelf-hosted authentication server with TOTP, WebAuthn, and SSO
28k Go Apache-2.0 2 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- Not a password vault; does not store or generate passwords for websites
- Requires a reverse proxy to function; no standalone mode
- LDAP/AD integration configuration is complex for non-enterprise users
- #3
Bitwarden ServerSelf-host: ModerateOfficial open-source server for the Bitwarden password manager
20k C# AGPL-3.0 2 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- The official self-host stack is resource-heavy (many containers including SQL Server/MSSQL) compared to Vaultwarden
- Some enterprise features (SSO/SCIM, advanced policies) require a paid license even when self-hosting
- Self-hosting requires a Bitwarden installation ID/key obtained from their website
- Heavier maintenance burden than lightweight alternatives
- #4
gopassSelf-host: EasyTeam-oriented CLI password manager built on GPG and Git
7.1k Go MIT 2 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- GPG key management is a significant operational burden, especially for team onboarding
- No web UI or mobile app; CLI-only unless paired with third-party frontends
- Revoking access for a departing team member requires re-encrypting all shared secrets
- #5
PassboltSelf-host: ModerateOpen-source password manager for teams with granular sharing and PGP encryption
6.1k PHP AGPL-3.0 8 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- Several features (SSO, directory sync, MFA policies, tags) are gated behind paid Pro/Cloud editions
- Relies on browser extensions; mobile app maturity lags 1Password/Dashlane
- Initial setup (GPG server keys, SMTP, HTTPS) is fiddly compared to consumer apps
- No personal/consumer focus — geared toward team credential sharing
- #6
LessPassSelf-host: EasyStateless password manager that derives passwords instead of storing them
6k JavaScript GPL-3.0 3 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- If the master password is compromised, all generated passwords are at risk simultaneously
- Cannot store arbitrary secrets such as credit cards, notes, or SSH keys
- Changing a generated password requires incrementing a counter, which can be confusing
- #7
AliasVaultSelf-host: ModerateE2E-encrypted password manager with built-in email alias generation
3k Docker MIT 3 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- No official browser extension for autofill comparable to 1Password or LastPass
- Mobile apps (iOS/Android) are not yet available
- Team/business sharing features (shared vaults, access policies) are absent
- Emergency access and account-recovery flows are limited
- #8
PadlocSelf-host: InvolvedOpen-source, end-to-end encrypted password manager for individuals and teams
2.9k TypeScript AGPL-3.0 1 year agoHow it compares to 1Password
- Development has slowed; releases are infrequent relative to active competitors
- Self-hosting documentation is thin and the monorepo build is non-trivial
- Fewer integrations, no extensive browser-autofill ecosystem like 1Password
- Smaller community means slower security review and feature growth
- #9
TeampassSelf-host: InvolvedOn-premise collaborative password manager for teams
1.8k PHP GPL-3.0 3 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- Dated UI and UX compared to modern commercial managers
- Manual setup (LAMP stack, MySQL, PHP extensions) can be error-prone; security depends on correct server hardening
- No first-party mobile apps; browser/web focused
- Historically has had security-audit concerns; requires careful, up-to-date deployment
- #10
PasskySelf-host: EasyLightweight self-hosted password manager with a clean web UI
243 PHP GPL-3.0 8 months agoHow it compares to 1Password
- No emergency access or secure sharing between users on the same server
- Audit log and reporting features are basic compared to enterprise vaults
- Community and ecosystem are small; long-term maintenance is less certain
- #11
PsonoSelf-host: ModerateSelf-hosted password manager for teams and enterprises with client-side encryption
104 Python Apache-2.0 6 days agoHow it compares to 1Password
- Many enterprise features (LDAP sync, advanced policies) require a paid Enterprise license
- Split into multiple repos (server, client, admin, fileserver) making full deployment more involved
- Smaller community and fewer integrations than mainstream commercial managers
- Mobile experience is weaker than 1Password/Dashlane
- #12
Spectre / Master PasswordSelf-host: EffortlessAlgorithm-based stateless password generation with no sync required
16 C GPL-3.0 1 year agoHow it compares to 1Password
- No vault means no ability to store free-form secure notes or non-password credentials
- Regenerating a password after a site breach requires manually tracking version counters
- No browser extension with auto-fill in the official CLI implementation
The verdict
Vaultwarden is the standout for most people: it is the easiest to run (2/5), the most popular (50,000 stars), and stays compatible with the official Bitwarden apps. Pick the official Bitwarden Server instead if you need full enterprise org features or want an official managed tier.
1Password alternatives — frequently asked questions
What is the best open-source alternative to 1Password?
Vaultwarden is the most popular pick: a lightweight Bitwarden-compatible server that works with the official Bitwarden clients, is easy to self-host (2/5), and has 50,000 stars. Teams wanting official enterprise features can run Bitwarden Server.
Is there a free self-hosted 1Password alternative?
Yes, all six are free to self-host: Vaultwarden, Bitwarden Server, Passbolt, Padloc, Teampass, and Psono. Vaultwarden is the lightest at difficulty 2/5.
Which 1Password alternative is easiest to self-host?
Vaultwarden, at difficulty 2/5, is by far the easiest. Bitwarden Server, Passbolt, and Psono are 3/5, while Padloc and Teampass are 4/5.
Can I use the official Bitwarden apps with a self-hosted server?
Yes. Both Vaultwarden and the official Bitwarden Server are Bitwarden-compatible, so the official Bitwarden desktop, mobile, and browser-extension clients connect to your own server.
Which option is best for team sharing?
Passbolt offers granular sharing with PGP encryption, Teampass is a collaborative on-premise team manager, and Psono targets teams and enterprises with client-side encryption. Bitwarden Server provides full org/group features with first-party clients.
Do any offer managed hosting instead of self-hosting?
Yes. Bitwarden Server, Passbolt, Padloc, and Psono all offer an official managed hosting option. Vaultwarden and Teampass are self-host only (managed:no).